Dynamic load-altering attack detection based on adaptive fading Kalman filter in power systems

This paper presents an effective and feasible method for detecting dynamic load-altering attacks (D-LAAs) in a smart grid. First, a smart grid discrete system model is established in view of D-LAAs. Second, an adaptive fading Kalman filter (AFKF) is designed for estimating the state of the smart grid. The AFKF can completely filter out the Gaussian noise of the power system, and obtain a more accurate state change curve (including consideration of the attack). A Euclidean distance ratio detection algorithm based on the AFKF is proposed for detecting D-LAAs. Amplifying imperceptible D-LAAs through the new Euclidean distance ratio improves the D-LAA detection sensitivity, especially for very weak D-LAA attacks. Finally, the feasibility and effectiveness of the Euclidean distance ratio detection algorithm are verified based on simulations.     

Technical note: Genetic groups in single-step single nucleotide polymorphism best linear unbiased predictor

Genetic groups, also called unknown or phantom parents groups, are often used in dairy cattle genetic evaluations to account for selection that cannot be accounted for by known genetic relationships. With the advent of genomic evaluations, the theory of genetic groups was extended to the so-called single-step genomic BLUP (ssGBLUP). In short, genetic groups can be fitted in ssGBLUP through regression effects, or by including them in the pedigree and computing the adequate combined pedigree and genomic relationship matrix. In this study, we applied the so-called Quaas and Pollak transformation to a system of equations for single-step SNP BLUP (ssSNPBLUP), such that genetic groups can thereafter be included in the pedigree. The example in this study showed that including the genetic groups in the pedigree for ssSNPBLUP allowed reduced memory burden and computational costs in comparison to genetic groups fitted as covariates.     

儿童友好视角下城市公园品质与可达性研究——以巴塞罗那学龄前儿童为例

具备可进入的绿色空间、游乐场地是儿童友好城市衡量中的核心指标，也是城市公园提供的必要服务之一。聚焦对城市公园需求度和使用率较高的学龄前儿童，尝试建构综合考虑城市公园品质和可达性的分析及评估方法。选取联合国儿童友好城市——西班牙巴塞罗那为案例，基于实地调研、开源地图、官方统计数据等，使用儿童友好的公园品质指数（QUINPY）和空间句法可达性模型开展综合评价，并结合学龄前儿童人口密度分布，提出有针对性的改善建议，基于不同的需求和现状，选取改善城市交通步行环境、合理增加结构性设施或者鼓励分时段及立体化拓展空间使用可能性等适宜性创新措施。以期为我国儿童友好导向的城市公园发展建设提供参考。     

Three-dimensional finite element analysis of geosynthetic-reinforced soil walls with turning corners

The paper presents in-depth three-dimensional finite element analyses investigating geosynthetic-reinforced soil walls with turning corners. Validation of the 3D numerical procedure was first performed via comparisons between the simulated and reported results of a benchmark physical modeling built at the Royal Military College of Canada. GRS walls with corners of 90°, 105°, 120°, 135°, 150°, and 180° were simulated adopting the National Concrete Masonry Association guidelines. The behaviors of the GRS walls with corners, including the lateral facing displacement, maximum reinforcement load, factor of safety, potential failure surface, vertical separation of facing blocks, and types of corners were carefully evaluated. Our comprehensive results show (i) minimum lateral displacement occurs at the corner; (ii) lower strength of reinforcements are required at the corner; (iii) higher corner angles lead to lower stability; (iv) potential failure surface forms earlier at the end walls; (v) deeper potential failure surfaces are found at the corners; (vi) larger numbers of vertical separations are found at walls with smaller corner angles. The paper highlighted the salient influence of the corners on the behaviors of GRS walls and indicated that a 3D analysis could reflect the required reinforcement length and the irregular formation of the potential failure surfaces.     

1 GWt PB-FHR负荷跟踪运行特性分析

为研究熔盐堆系统在商业应用中的价值，分析其是否满足电网负荷的变化需求和安全运行的能力，本文以1 GWt球床式氟盐冷却高温堆（PB-FHR）为研究对象，仿真计算其在负荷跟踪模式下的瞬态行为和运行特性。以RELAP5/MOD4.0程序为研究工具，并植入相关的熔盐物性与计算关系式，建立氟盐冷却高温堆的热工水力系统与功率控制系统的仿真模型，对典型负荷工况参数变化情况下控制系统的响应特性进行仿真分析。结果表明：该氟盐冷却高温堆系统在设计的控制逻辑的调控下，展示出良好的负荷跟踪运行能力，堆芯功率能迅速响应负荷变化，功率超调和温度超调小，反应堆的运行参数始终处于合理的运行范围内。     

犹豫模糊环境下准则具有偏好关系的TODIM方法

针对智慧制造评估时专家的决策信息具有犹豫模糊不确定性问题，提出了一种关于准则具有犹豫模糊偏好关系的改进交互式多准则决策（TODIM）方法。首先提出了准则间的犹豫模糊偏好关系概念，并证明了其基本性质。在TODIM方法优势度的计算过程中，将准则权重犹豫模糊偏好关系替代原有的精确值权重，使信息的准确性最大化。将该方法用于智能制造的评估上，实例分析结果表明所提方法是可行和有效的。     

鄂尔多斯盆地延长组致密砂岩储层微观孔喉特征差异及其成因

为分析不同沉积与成岩作用改造下致密砂岩储层的孔喉类型及其参数差异，利用物性、铸体薄片、扫描电镜、恒速压汞、图像粒度与X衍射实验结果，对比了鄂尔多斯盆地合水地区延长组长8储层和薛岔地区延长组长6储层的孔喉类型，定量评价了孔喉参数，揭示了形成原因。结果表明，合水地区长8储层孔隙更为发育，粒间孔、溶蚀孔、晶间孔和微孔、弱压实成因缩颈状喉道和溶蚀成因、粘土胶结成因管束状喉道含量高；薛岔地区长6储层的孔隙类型少且发育程度较差，压实成因片状、弯片状喉道含量高。两个区块的孔隙参数差异小，喉道参数差异大，前者大喉道更为发育，喉道差异大，孔喉比大，对渗透率起贡献的喉道分布范围更宽。相同渗透率条件下，前者的平均喉道半径、主流喉道半径和孔喉比大于后者。沉积水动力条件、粒度、碎屑组分、填隙物、成岩作用类型及其改造程度是两个研究区孔隙发育程度不同、喉道类型差异和孔喉参数表现出不同特征的主要原因。     

Taste matters most: Effects of package design on the dynamics of implicit and explicit product evaluations over repeated in-home consumption

Package design influences consumers’ expectations of a product’s sensory properties and expected healthiness and/or tastiness, and potentially also changes actual product perception during consumption. The robustness of these effects is far from clear, however. This study investigated the influence of package cues signalling either hedonic or healthy product properties on expectations and subsequent product evaluation over repeated consumption.In a between-subjects design, 92 participants evaluated product expectations and taste perceptions of a chocolate-sesame flavoured biscuit with a package emphasizing either its healthy (n = 44) or hedonic (n = 48) aspects, both at a central location (CLT) and during six home use tests (HUT), using both explicit (questionnaires) and implicit (IAT) measures.Package design significantly affected (p < 0.05) consumers’ expectations of the product. They expected the biscuit to be tastier, less attractive and less healthy in the hedonic package condition, and less tasty, more attractive and healthier in the healthy package condition. However, these effects did not transfer to actual product evaluations upon tasting, either blind or tasting in combination with viewing the package during the HUTs. Implicit attitudes did change as a result of repeated exposures, depending on the package consumers were provided with, indicating product-package interactions over time (p < 0.05).In conclusion, package design influences product expectations and associations with its healthiness and attractiveness, which is of relevance in product choice and purchase settings. However, at the stage of (repeated) consumption, intrinsic (sensory) properties become the dominant drivers of products’ sensory and hedonic evaluations, and the impact of package cues seems less potent.